Chapter 1 sets the foundation for the entire 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. It establishes the purpose, scope, and definitions that apply to every other chapter. Think of it as the "instructions" for reading the rest of the Standards — it defines what terms mean, how measurements work, and when alternative approaches are allowed.
Reading level📄 Plain language + legal text
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This section establishes the purpose of the 2010 Standards: to ensure that buildings and facilities are accessible to and usable by people with disabilities. These standards apply to new construction, alterations, and additions to existing buildings covered by the ADA or the Architectural Barriers Act.
The Standards are primarily based on adult dimensions. When a building or space is designed specifically for children ages 12 and under — like an elementary school — child-sized measurements may be used instead.
Example: A drinking fountain in an elementary school can be mounted lower than one in an office building.
If someone comes up with a different design solution that provides equal or greater accessibility than what the Standards require, it can be used instead. This gives designers flexibility to innovate while still meeting the goal of accessibility.
This section explains how to read measurements and tolerances throughout the Standards:
Dimensions: Given in both inches and millimeters
Figures: Illustrations are provided for reference but the text governs if there's a conflict
"Shall" vs. "should": "Shall" means required; advisory notes are recommendations
The ADA Standards incorporate other published standards by reference — such as ANSI/BHMA standards for door hardware and ASTM standards for surfaces. These external standards are treated as part of the requirements when referenced.
Key terms used throughout the Standards:
Accessible: A site, building, or element that complies with the Standards
Alteration: A change that affects usability of a building or facility
Cross slope: The slope perpendicular to the direction of travel
Element: An architectural or mechanical component of a building
Facility: All or any portion of buildings, structures, or site improvements
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